.
Carl Spitzweg
5th February 1808 – 23th September 1885
Carl Spitzweg was born on 5th of February in 1808 in Unterpfaffenhofen, Bavaria. Although trained as a chemist, he discovered quite early his talent for drawing and his affinity with art. Spitzweg travelled extensively during his lifetime and the impressions formed by his travels greatly influenced his work. Shortly after completing his studies in pharmaceutics in 1832, he visited Italy. It was particularly in the cities of Florence, Rome, and Naples that he discovered the many significant works of Western culture which were to leave a permanent imprint on him.
A severe case of dysentery in 1833 strengthened his resolve to abandon his career as a chemist and he proceeded to commit himself solely to his painting. In June 1835, he became a member of the Munich Art Association and travelled that same year to southern Tirol with the landscape painter Eduard Schleich, the Elder.
In 1839 he completed his first painting entitled ''The Poor Poet'. Although this recurring motif would later be considered his most well-known body of work, the painting was not accepted at this time by the jury of the Munich Art Association.
As regards his graphic production, the first publication in 1844 of his own illustrations in the Munich weekly paper 'Fliegende Blätter' is considered quite significant. His visits to the Industrial Exposition in Paris and the World's Fair exhibition in London in 1851 were his first contact with the Oriental scenes which would begin to inform his work.
To the deserving painter were bestowed numerous honours during the second half of Spitzweg's lifetime: in 1865 the Bavarian Royal Merit Order of St. Michael was conferred upon him, and in 1875 he was named an honorary member of the Academy of Fine Arts.
Carl Spitzweg died on 23th of September in 1885 and was entombed in the historic South Cemetery in Munich.
He leaves behind a body of work dedicated to the townspeople who inhibit his genre scenes, and with acute and pointed, but never ill-natured humour he portrays the everday bourgeois life of his time.
Lit: Siegfried Wichmann, Carl Spitzweg. Verzeichnis der Werke, Gemälde und Aquarelle, Stuttgart: Belser, 2002.
Carl Spitzweg
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4330
Frühjahrsauktionen
Cuscoschule
Cuzco School Peru 17th/
The Cuzco School is named after the capitol city of the Inca's empire, located in the south of Peru in the midst of the Andean highlands. Even in the colonial era Cuzco preserved its role as an important cultural and political centre. The Italian Jesuit Bernardo Bitti, who arrived in Cuzco in 1583, influenced the development of Cuzco School decisively with the introduction of Mannerism. This is particularly visible in the typical elongated figures, as well as in the accentuation of the foregrounds, finding their way into the visual world of the Cuzco School. Over time the European influence is decreasing under the steadily growing importance of indigenous painters like Diego Quispe Tito and Juan de Santa Cruz Pumacallo. The Cuzco School experienced its golden period in the second half of 17th Century, after a severe earthquake destroyed wide areas of the city and the painters were confronted with countless new orders for decoration. Prevailing themes were taken from the Catholic religion, especially depictions of saints, often also in combination with the old Andean gods, in the typical narrative character of the Cuzco School.
One characteristic for the frequent mixture of cultures and religions in the Cuzco School are amongst other things the trapezoid representations of the Madonna, also visible in the present painting. These depictions are reminding of the silhouette of mountain Apu, who was venerated as a god. The long and dark hair is a reference to the matriarchy, still significant in the Andean culture until today.
Provenance: private collection Alsace.
Peru 17./
«Virgen de Candelaria (Jungfrau mit Kerze)». Öl auf Leinwand, Spannränder hinterklebt. Unsign.
Die Cuscoschule erhielt ihren Namen nach der gleichnamigen vorspanischen Inkahauptstadt, die im Süden Perus inmitten des Andenhochlandes liegt und auch während der Kolonialzeit ihre führende Rolle als kulturelles und politisches Zentrum beibehielt. Der italienische Jesuit Bernardo Bitti, der 1583 nach Cusco kam, beeinflusste mit der Einführung des Manierismus entscheidend die Entwicklung der Cuscoschule. So fanden die für den Manierismus typischen überlängten Figuren und eine Betonung des Bildvordergrundes Eingang in die Cuscomalerei, wobei der europäische Einfluss durch indigene Künstler wie Diego Quispe Tito und Juan de Santa Cruz Pumacallo mehr und mehr durch indigene Stilelemente und Bildvorstellungen verdrängt wurde. Ihren Höhepunkt erlebte die Cuscoschule in der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts, nachdem ein schweres Erdbeben die Stadt stark zerstört hatte und viele Aufträge nun auch an indigene Künstler vergeben wurden, die allerdings zum größten Teil anonym blieben. Vorherrschendes Thema war die Bilderwelt der katholischen Religion, insbesondere Heiligendarstellungen, oft auch in Kombination mit andinen Göttern, wobei für die Cuscomalerei besonders der narrative Charakter typisch ist.
Typisch für die in der Cuscoschule häufige Vermischung der Kulturen und Religionen sind unter anderem die trapezförmigen Mariendarstellungen, zu denen auch das hier gezeigte Gemälde gehört. Sie erinnern in ihrer Gestalt an die Silhouette des Berges Apu, welcher als Gottheit verehrt wurde. Das lange dunkle Haar ist als Hinweis auf das bis heute bestehende Matriarchat in der andinen Kultur zu verstehen.
Provenienz: Privatsammlung Elsass.